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东北师范大学硕士学位论文In recent ti mes，mythol ogy, 埘t11i tsempatheti cal l yi ntui ti vewayofunderstandi ngtherel ati onshi pbetween man and cul ture，has become noted for i ts wi de researchappl i cati ons．Archetypalcri ti ci sm i srel ated to the mythol ogy, rel i gi ous ceremony, andthegeneralexperi enceof a nati on as wel li tspsychol ogi calcharacteri sti cs．It has exceeded ti me’ Sl i mi tati on and become a ki nd ofpsychol ogi cal aggregati on．Some archetypalcri ti cs consi derl i terature as the product of human sub—consci ousness．If we connectl i terature wi th thearchetypes that represent the nati on’ S sub consci ousness，we wi l lfi nd i tssi gni fi canceandeffect．Archetypalcri ti ci sm stems f rom Frazer’ Santhropol ogyandJ ung’ S psychol ogy．J amesFrazer, a Bri ti shanthropol ogi st，devotedhi s l i fe tO thestudyofmyths．Hi s masterpi ece，TheGol denBough，i s concernedwi th research onwi tchcraft，rel i gi onandpre—hi stori cal myth．C．GJ ung，ani nfl uenti alpsychol ogi st，consi dersthe sub consci ousness as notonl ya narrowconcepti onofpersonalunconsci ousness，but al so a broaderconcepti on i ncl udi ngtwoparts：externalpersonalunconsci ousnessand i nternalcol l ecti ve unconsci ousness．In hi sPsychol ogy ofthe Unconsci ous，he gi vesthefol l owi ng expl anati on：“ Theextemalpersonalunconsci ousness comes f rompersonal experi enceand i scomposedof aperson’ Sl ove knots．’ ’The i ntemalcol l ecti ve unconsci ousnessthe“ i nner drama whi ch thepri mi ti ve manredi scovered” ．Ita“ raci alrecol l ecti on’ ’ thatexceeds the i ndi vi duala ki nd ofpsychol ogi cal aggregati onthat i spasseddownf romgenerati ontogenerati on．1For theterm“ archetypes” ，heconcl udes thati t i s mani fested that i n the recurrence ofcertai ni mages，stori es，fi gures cal l ed“ archetypes” ，a psychol ogi calresi due of numberl essexperi enceof the sametypehas emerged．。In such a way, J ung appl i es hi s psychol ogi calresearch tol i terature．Archetype，i nessence，i s the myth character and a ki nd of medi umthatemphasi zesthe subconsci ouspsychol ogi cal aggregati on．Many l i terary cri ti cs have made efforts to furtherdevel optheconcept of archetypalcri ti ci smafter Frazer andJ ung．Among them，Northrop Fryehas been the most successful andcel ebrated one．In hi s Anat omy of Cri ti ci sm，Frye presentsa new defi ni ti on of the term“ archetype” ：“ a typi calorrecurri ng i mage．a symbol that connects onepoemwi th another andthereby hel pstouni fyandi ntegrateour l i terary experi ence．Andas thearchetypei s thecommuni cabl esymb01．archetypalcri ti ci smi spri mari l yconcerned wi tl l l i terature as a soci alfact and as a mode ofcommuni cati on．’Frye transpl antstheconcept of“ archetype’ ’ fromthe fi el ds ofanthropol ogyandpsychol ogyto thel i teraryfi el d andmakes“ archetype’ ’ a purel yl i terary concept．Fryeconsi ders l i terature as the revi valofmyths andrel i gi ousri tual s thatC．G．J ung．P州chol ogv oftheUnconsci ous．tl al l S．and i ntrod．Beatri ceM．Hi nkl e．London：KeganPaul ．c1993，pl59．C．G．J ung．The Archetypesand the Col l ecti ve Unconsci ous，Trby R．F．C．Hul l ．Bei j i ng：Chi naSoci al Sci encesPubl i shi ngHouSe．c1999．p175．Frye Northrop．Anatomy ofCri ti ci sm：four essays．Pri nceton：Pri nceton Uni versi ty Press，1957。P99．
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