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一 被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）
构成
被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
二 被动语态的使用注意事项
1. 不及物动词无被动语态
What will happen in 100 years？一百年里会发生什么事？
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 约65万年前恐龙灭绝。
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义
This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。
This new book sells well. 这本新书卖的很好。
【智品】 英语语法就 这么简单[3册]¥102度小店购买3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：
make somebody do something somebody + be + made to do something
see somebody do something somebody + be + seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一个女孩看到我的钱夹掉了当她经过的时候。
The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。
He showed me aticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。
My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh at him. He can’t be laugh at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。
He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收听广播。
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.这护士在照顾这个虚弱的男人。
三 被动语态的用法
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。
I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop wasbuilt last year. 去年修了一座新商店。
Dinosaur eggs werelaid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。
3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。
Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。
4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。
They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。
5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。
6. 过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurriedto the hospital. 当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。
The new road was being made. 这条新路正在修筑。
7. 过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。
The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema. 在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。
8. 将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时，他们结婚将满20周年。
The project will have been completed before May. 该项目将在五月前完成。
9. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要经常浇水。
Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你应该现在就改正你的错误。
The door may be locked inside. 这扇门可以反锁。
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作业可以明天交。
四 被动主动的转化
步骤：
（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语
注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。
（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"
（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。
例：Tom broke a glass. A glass was broken by Tom.
注意事项：
（1）主动句中的主语如果是复数形式含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为被动句时可以不用表示，但原主语被强调者除外。
例：They set up this hospitalin 1975. This hospital was set up in 1975.
（2）含有双宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。
例：He gave us the book. We were gave the book by him. The book was given by him.
Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布鲁斯每星期写一封信。
You must lock the door when you leave. The door must be locked when you leave. 当你离开的时候你必须把门锁上。
（参考有道看天下）
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