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中国科学院南京土壤研究所宋洋副研究员团队通过耦合酶活性试验、高通量测序和土壤代谢组学分析了生物炭和根际土壤对多环芳烃胁迫下细菌群落结构和功能的影响。相关成果发表于Journal of Hazardous Materials（IF=7.650）。
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Highlights
Biochar and plant roots improved microbial activity in PAH-stressed soil.
Biochar and plant roots improved bacterial metabolic function in PAH-stressed soil.
Biochar and plant roots promoted bacterial cooperation in response to PAH-stress.
Biochar and plant roots mostly impacted sucrose and starch metabolism.
pH, nitrate and bacterial diversity are important for driving soil metabolite pool.
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in agricultural soils poses serious stress to the soil microbiome. With the broad application of biochar, however, the co-effects of biochar and plant roots on the bacterial responses to PAH stress remain unclear. Here, the effects of biochar and the rhizosphere on bacterial community structure and functions were analyzed by coupling enzyme activity tests, high-throughput sequencing, and soil metabolomics. The contents of available nutrients and dissolved organic carbon, enzyme activities, and carbon metabolism functions were improved by biochar and plant roots. With the combined effects of biochar and plant roots, sucrose and starch metabolism was mainly impacted, and the soil metabolite diversity decreased. There was a strong co-occurrence network among soil properties, bacterial members, and metabolites in the biochar-amended and rhizosphere soils, favoring bacterial resistance to PAH stress, and consequently, PAH removal. In light of the above results, we suggest that biochar application can efficiently improve bacterial functions in rhizosphere soil, and our results facilitate the development of in situ remediation programs in soil contaminated with PAHs.
农业土壤中的多环芳烃污染对土壤微生物群落构成了严重的威胁。然而，随着生物炭的广泛应用，多环芳烃胁迫反应下生物炭和植物根系对细菌的协同效应尚不清楚。本文通过耦合酶活性试验、高通量测序和土壤代谢组学分析了生物炭和根际土壤对多环芳烃胁迫下细菌群落结构和功能的影响。生物炭和植物根系可以提高土壤有效养分和溶解有机碳的含量，以及提升酶活性和碳代谢功能。生物炭和植物根系的共同作用主要影响蔗糖和淀粉代谢，导致土壤代谢物多样性下降。在生物炭处理根际土壤中，土壤性质、细菌组成和代谢物之间存在很强的共生网络，有利于细菌对多环芳烃胁迫产生抗性，从而有利于去除多环芳烃。研究结果表明，生物炭的应用可以有效改善根际土壤细菌的功能，促进多环芳烃污染土壤原位修复方案的发展。
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