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D
When a leafy plant is under attack ，it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive,the tables are turned .The attacker who are natural enemies to the attackers . zxx|k Once they arrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.
(32) What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A. It makes noises.
B. It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly
D. It sends out certain chemicals.
(33) What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
(34)Scientists find from their studiesthat plants can .
A.predictnatural disasters
B.protect themselvesagainst insects
C.talk to one another intentionally
D.help their neighbors whennecessary
(35)what can we infer from the lastparagraph?
A.The word is changing faster than ever.
B.People have stronger sensesthan before
C.The world is more complex than it seems
D.People in Darwin’s timewere imaginative.
原文翻译
【1】当多叶子植物受到攻击时,它不会坐以待毙。早在1983年,两名科学家 Jack schultz和 lan Baldwin就在报告中说,年轻的槭树被昆虫咬伤时,会发出一种邻近植物可以感应到的特殊气味。这些化学物质来自植物的受伤部位,看起来就像个警报。植物通过空气输送的是挥发性有机化合物的混合物,简称VOcs。
【2】科学家发现,所有植物在受到攻击时都会发出挥发性有机物。这是一种植物哭泣的方式。但是有人在听吗?显然。因为我们可以观看邻居的反应。
【3】有些植物发出臭味化学物质以使昆虫远离,更有些植物甚至完成双倍的任务。它们散发出专为吸引攻击者天敌的昆虫而设计的香水。一旦攻击者的天敌到达,餐桌就会被转动。正享用午餐的攻击者现在将变成别人的午餐。
【4】在进行了深入研究之后,我们发现这些化学沟通看起来能够帮助它们的邻居。第一个被攻击的植物受到的埙失通常更严重,但邻居们相对来说更安全因为它们听到警报,知道该怎么做。
【5】这是否意味着植物相互交谈?科学家们不知道。也许第一个植物刚刚因为疼痛哭了起来,或者正在向自己的枝条发送一个信息,所以,实际上是在说话。也许邻居刚刚碰巧“偷听”了哭泣,所以信息被交换。但这并不是一个真实的,有意识的来回。
【6】早在150年前,查尔斯达尔文想象到了一个比我们可以看到和听到的世界更加繁华,嘈杂和更亲密的世界。我们的知觉很弱,世界上有相当多的事情正在发生。
正确答案
（32）D（33）A（34）B（35）C
答案解析
（32）事实细节题，本题考查了学生提取细节能力。可以通过确定题目关键词，在文章中找到对应部分，回到题目逐一对照。根据Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌出一种化学物质，故D项正确。
（33）猜测词义题，本题考查了学生猜测词义的能力。根据上下文联系来做题。根据Once they arrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.可知，一旦它们到达这里，攻击者就成为植物的午餐，故A项正确。
（34）事实细节题，本题考查了学生提取细节能力。做题时要确定题目关键词，在文章中找到对应部分，回到题目逐一对照。根据Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked可知，植物分泌出VOCs，是为了保护自己，故B项正确。
（35）推理判断题，本题考查了学生推理判断的能力。做题要抓住文章主旨、紧扣作者思维模式找突破口。根据imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear可知，这个世界比我们看到或者听到的更热闹更亲密，因此世界也比我们想象的更复杂，故C项正确。
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